This time of year, acute gastroenteritis – an infectious illness that causes vomiting and diarrhea – is common. We typically see a rise in reports of these health concerns this time of year. Acute gastroenteritis, which is also referred to as stomach flu, is highly contagious. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis is a viral infection. Among the viruses, norovirus is the leading cause, responsible for about 50% of all cases. Here’s what you need to know.
How does it spread?
Acute gastroenteritis, also referred to as stomach flu, often spreads when particles from an infected person travel through one of the following routes:
- Touching contaminated surfaces or objects, then touching your mouth or eating without washing your hands.
- Having direct contact with someone who is sick, like taking care of them or sharing food/utensils.
- Eating food or drinking liquids contaminated by an infected person.
- Eating raw oysters or other raw shellfish.
Symptoms typically develop within 12 to 48 hours after exposure.
What should I do if I’m experiencing vomiting or diarrhea?
- Stay home when you’re sick and for an additional 48 hours after your symptoms stop.
- Do not prepare food and drinks for others during this period.
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and warm running water for at least 20 seconds, including after using the bathroom and before eating, preparing, or handling food.
- Waterless, alcohol-based hand sanitizer should not be used as a substitute for frequent handwashing, as they do not work well against the viruses that most commonly cause acute gastroenteritis.
- Drink plenty of fluids and rest.
- Wipe down surfaces with disinfectant wipes or spray.
- Wash your laundry in hot water.
The illness typically lasts 1-3 days, and most people recover completely without needing any treatment. Drink plenty of fluids and watch for signs of dehydration like lightheadedness, dizziness, decreased frequency of urination, dark urine color, dry mouth, and fainting.
If you are experiencing symptoms of dehydration, call University Health Services at 608-265-5600. Some people are at higher risk of getting severely dehydrated, including those who are pregnant, have a weakened immune system, or are experiencing severe symptoms like bloody diarrhea, severe nausea and vomiting, or a high fever.
How do I prevent the spread of acute gastroenteritis?
Even if you are not experiencing symptoms, keep clean to prevent the spread of illness. Wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds after using the bathroom and before handling food. Wipe down high-contact surfaces (door handles, counter tops, cell phones) with disinfectant wipes or spray.